Dry Eye in Dogs & Cats (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)
Dry eye disease, clinically known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a common ophthalmic condition in dogs and cats where tear production or tear film quality is insufficient to maintain a healthy ocular surface.
Tears play a critical role in lubrication, nutrient delivery, immune defense and corneal clarity. When tear support is reduced, the eye becomes vulnerable to inflammation, infection and surface damage.
Common signs of dry eye in pets
- Redness and chronic conjunctival irritation
- Thick or mucoid ocular discharge
- Frequent blinking, squinting or pawing at eyes
- Dull or dry-looking corneal surface
- Reduced comfort in dry or windy environments
Causes of dry eye in dogs and cats
- Immune-mediated tear gland dysfunction
- Age-related reduction in tear production
- Chronic conjunctivitis
- Viral infections (cats)
- Neurological tear reflex damage
- Drug-induced tear suppression
- Post third-eyelid surgery changes
- Congenital tear gland abnormalities
How veterinarians diagnose dry eye
- Schirmer Tear Test (STT)
- Fluorescein and ocular surface staining
- Complete ophthalmic examination
Managing dry eye in dogs and cats
- Tear substitutes and ocular lubricants
- Tear-stimulating medications
- Control of secondary infection or inflammation
- Consistent, long-term eye care routines
Role of ocular lubricants in dry eye care
Ocular lubricants help restore tear film stability, reduce friction and protect the corneal surface. They are commonly used alongside prescription therapy in chronic dry eye management.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is dry eye disease in dogs and cats?
Dry eye disease, also called keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a condition where tear production or tear film quality is reduced, leading to ocular surface dryness, irritation and inflammation.
What causes dry eye in dogs?
Dry eye in dogs may be caused by immune-mediated damage to tear glands, aging, certain medications, nerve injury, infections or surgical procedures involving the third eyelid.
Can cats get dry eye?
Yes. Although less common than in dogs, cats can develop dry eye due to viral infections, chronic conjunctivitis, neurological causes or reduced tear film stability.
How is dry eye diagnosed in pets?
Veterinarians commonly use tear tests such as the Schirmer Tear Test, ocular surface staining and clinical examination to diagnose dry eye and assess severity.
Does dry eye require lifelong management?
Many cases of dry eye are chronic and require long-term management under veterinary supervision.
Disclaimer: This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional veterinary diagnosis or treatment.
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